Higan 2006 Abano Terme
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Presentation of Abano Terme

 

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For the Western cultural traditions the word and concept of void usually have negative meanings as the sentences “empty-minded”, “fear of emptiness”, “an empty life”, etc. prove. On the other hand, in most Eastern cultural traditions, the idea of emptiness is a synonym of an immense wealth of opportunities, of complete openness and freedom. This idea, mostly conceived by the Taoism in China and the Buddhism in India, chiefly developed in Japan especially thanks to the influence the Zen School’s Buddhism exerted in the arts. The presence and force of the void are

 
 

particularly enhanced in the ink paintings (sumie), in which the empty spaces prevail as regards the spaces filled with symbols and drawings; or in architecture, in which there is a minimum amount of furniture and the indoor spaces open, without continuity, to the outdoor ones; or in the “dry” gardens (karesansui) like the famous Ryoanji in which a wide background

 
 

of white gravel welcomes only a few carefully set stones.
But you mustn’t think that this development of the concept of the void in the

 
 

traditional Japanese arts only comes from an aesthetic preference or a stylistic choice: it always refers back to the basic concept – conveyed and developed by Buddhism, Taoism and

 
 

their combination in the Zen Buddhism – which maintains the mind’s freedom (mushin), one of the essential principles of the process of spiritual improvement.
 

 
  Prof. Giangiorgio Pasqualotto
Teacher of Philosophy and Aesthetics
History at the Faculty of Humanities
of the University of Padua.
Higan Scientific Committee
 
     


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